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Online surveillance tools enable investigators to keep track of individuals and their activities in real-time. They can include cameras, microphones, GPS trackers and biometric scanners such as fingerprint and Iris scanners. They may also include software that monitors computer activities, for example a keylogger.
The use of these tools has grave legal implications. They could violate human rights and must be subject to specific legal frameworks that protect privacy. These frameworks should specify the grounds for their use and provide the necessary authorization processes, including judiciary oversight. They should also specify limitations on data collection and retention.
Lack of transparency around the use of these tools can also be a problem in that it could create a climate of self-censorship as well as fear among those who are concerned about being monitored. The monitoring of social media to identify threats, without any suspicion of wrongdoing, can also create a vast amount of ineffective information. This can crowd out resources and information for actual security concerns for the public.
These tools can provide great value to law enforcement agencies in terms of investigation however, they should be subject to clear legal frameworks that guarantee human rights. The laws should outline the justifications for their usage, stipulate necessary authorization processes and define limits for data collection and retention. These tools should also be subject to judicial oversight as judicial oversight independent of the courts can help prevent the misuse of surveillance technologies. Regular disclosure and reporting will increase trust and stimulate public debate on the appropriate size and limitations of these tools.
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